This article describes various sampling and analysis methods available for vapor intrusion investigations. This information will help with select the techniques that will best meet the data objectives… Continue reading
Abs: This chapter explains how to evaluate and select a strategy for mitigating PVI, as well as how to identify metrics for performance and closure strategies. PVI can be managed by environmental remediation, institutional controls (ICs), building mitigation, or any combination of these approaches. Traditional remedial technologies applied to the source may be sufficient to … Continue reading
Abs: ITRC’s 2007 guidance document, Vapor Intrusion Pathway: A Practical Guideline, primarily focused on chlorinated vapor intrusion (CVI). However, the focus of PVI document is petroleum vapor intrusion (PVI), a subset of vapor intrusion. Vapors from petroleum hydrocarbons rapidly biodegrade as they migrate through unsaturated, vadose-zone soils, greatly limiting the potential for the PVI pathway … Continue reading
Abs: Building control technologies are typically required at VI sites (in both existing and new buildings)until long-term, site-wide remedies reduce soil and groundwater concentrations to acceptable levels. The following sections discuss various VI building control technologies, factors affecting technology selection, and common design and installation issues. Vapor control for VOCs can include environmental remediation, building … Continue reading
Light, nonaqueous-phase liquid (LNAPL) management (LNAPL assessment and remediation) presents some of the greatest corrective action and cleanup compliance challenges to petroleum manufacturing, storage, and handling facilities such as refineries, bulk product terminals, gas stations, airports, and military bases The management of LNAPL requires to first identify the specific LNAPL composition and saturation concerns the … Continue reading
Abs: This section is to provide introduction on technical tools used for LNAPL site characterization The delineation of contamination is contingent on a number of factors. It is important for investigators to understand the extent of LNAPL in a timely manner. Conducting this activity should include upfront planning for, and obtaining access to, locations to … Continue reading
The LNAPL Conceptual Site Model (LCSM) is the body of information describing aspects of the LNAPL and site setting necessary to satisfy the LNAPL remedial objectives. The LCSM is similar to a conceptual site model, which includes the source, pathway, and receptors, but the emphasis in the LCSM is on the source component (i.e., … Continue reading
To begin proper management of an LNAPL site, one must first determine the problems or concerns that the LNAPL poses at the site. A complete site characterization and LCSM will help to identify these concerns. Once the concerns are identified, appropriate “LNAPL remedial objectives” are set to eliminate the LNAPL concerns at … Continue reading
Once the remedial action is implemented, monitoring is required to assess the protectiveness and effectiveness of the chosen interim remedial measures (IRM). The type and frequency of monitoring should be based on the CSM developed for the site which identifies the LNAPL type, source and distribution, site specific receptor issues, hydrogeologic influences on LNAPL behavior … Continue reading
Sites contaminated by chlorinated solvents present a remediation challenge. Chlorinated solvents are among the most difficult groundwater contaminants to remediate, especially at sites with dense, non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) still present in the source zone. Restoring sites contaminated by chlorinated solvents to regulatory criteria (low parts-per-billion concentrations) within a generation (~20 years) is difficult. Site managers … Continue reading
